The causes of a person can suffer from various mental disorders or are called multifactorial, namely:

· Genetic or hereditary factors

· The condition of the mother during her pregnancy, if there is a mental, emotional, or physical disorder it will affect the foetal brain nerves that she contains

· The process of labour, if there are complications it increases the risk

· Physical diseases such as high heat, seizures, or other severe illnesses from birth to present age

· History of falling, hitting the head, getting hit or an accident

· Drug/Napza use such as: alcohol, marijuana (cannabis). Shabu-shabu, Extasy, tranquillizers, heroin (putaw), etc.

· A history of traumatic events, heavy psychological burden, difficult problems to solve, conflicts, unfulfilled desires, pent-up anger, deep sadness, loss, disappointment, etc.

All of that makes the balance of chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters) change and become unstable and this is what gives rise to changes in: ways of thinking, feelings, attitudes, and behaviour.

Types of Mental Disorders

The following are some mental disorders that often occur and require special attention:

1. Dementia

Parenthood, characterised by loss of memory (memory), personality changes, changes in behaviour to be irritable, easily sad, unnatural behaviours such as talking and laughing alone, wandering, difficult to learn new things.

2. Psychotic/schizophrenia:

Disruption of reality judgement is characterised by hallucinations such as hearing whispering voices, seeing shadows, feeling in the body like someone is touching/touching, such as smelling smells that have no source, unconnected conversation, the existence of delusions that are wrong beliefs, such as feeling being talked about by others, such as feeling that someone wants to do something bad, feeling like a different person, often accompanied by dangerous aggressive behaviour such as being angry, damaging, and hurting others.

3. Depression:

Deep feelings of sadness are accompanied by a loss of enthusiasm and motivation, the body becomes easily tired/unpowered, changes in sleep and diet, difficulty concentrating/unfocussed, and there is a suicidal desire

4. Anxious/anxiety

Anxiety/worryness/panic dominates this disorder, accompanied by changes in the body such as fast and short breath, palpitations, cold sweats, pain/discomfort in the stomach, dizziness, blurred vision

5. Bipolar:

This is a mood/feeling disorder, people who experience it experience mood changes from excessive pleasure to sadness, when they are happy to feel they have a lot of energy, do not sleeping, do many things, there are risky behaviours, increased sexual desire, excessive shopping, share unnatural things, talk fast and jump from one topic to another. On other occasions there is a depressive disorder such as the symptoms above

6. Personality disorder:

A deep disorder is characterised by a personality that is not flexible and rigid so that it cannot adapt well to the environment.

· GK is paranoid (easy to be suspicious),

· GK schizoid (cold, not happy to socialise),

· Schizotypal GK (eccentric, strange behaviour),

· Histionic GK (expressive, want to be the centre of attention),

· GK is narcissistic (wants to always be prioritised and be number one),

· GK threshold (emotions unstable, explosive),

· Antisocial GK (does not care about other people's feelings and applicable norms, violates many rules),

· GK anxious to avoid (always avoid various tasks and reluctant to take responsibility),

· GK dependent (always dependent on others in making decisions).

· GK anancastic (perfectionist, stubborn, orderly)

Due to Mental Disorders

Mental disorders make a person become disturbed by their function and productivity and this can also interfere with the family and society. People with mental disorders can not go to school, go to college and work well. Social functions also become disrupted, ODGJ is not able to interact with its surroundings properly.

The ability to focus, concentration, attention, memory, decide to act, the ability to communicate, the function of movement is also disrupted so that functions and productivity are disrupted.

Early Detection

By doing early detection and good treatment, mental disorders can be quickly restored and not become more severe. Early detection of mental disorders can be done in health centres, hospitals, psychiatrists, psychologists, mental nurses and in mental hospitals.

Examinations carried out are interviews, lab and radiology examinations (if needed), mental health tests and other psychological tests. After the diagnosis is made, therapy will begin immediately and healing will be achieved quickly. Treatment for mental disorders lasts a long time and requires regular consultation.

By doing early detection and examination, severe mental disorders can be avoided so that hazards can also be prevented.

Let's also avoid stigmatising and discriminating people with mental disorders because they and their families have suffered enough with the mental disorders they experience.

Author: dr. Lahargo Kembaren, Sp.KJ

Reference:

American Psychiatric Association. (2010). DSM-5 development. Retrieved from https://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx

Bell, V. ( 2007). Online information, extreme communities and Internet therapy: Is the Internet good for our mental health? Journal of Mental Health, 16, 445-457.

Stolzenburg S, Freitag S, Evans-Lacko S, Muehlan H, Schmidt S, Schomerus G. The Stigma of Mental Illness as a Barrier to Self Labelling as Having a Mental Illness. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2017 Dec;205(12):903-909.